نشریه روانشناسی پیری
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 6، پاییز 1395)

The nowadays elderly population is increasing and diseases and conditions of this developmental stage can be affecting extremely with psychological capital, self-worth and social well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy on psychological capital, self-worth and social well-being in the elderly in Tabriz. Semi-experimental research design was a pretest-posttest control group. The study statistical population of this study was all elderly living in nursing homes in Tabriz. the statistical study sample using the method of sampling is available , including an elderly man , a resident of 26 in thecity of Tabriz elderly good conditions for entering the study , and were chosen at random in two groups test (13 subjects) and control (13 subjects) are replaced. The experimental group received 10 sessions of reality therapy. The instrument used in this research were psychological capital Luthans (2007), self-worth questionnaire Crocker and et al (2003), Social Welfare Keyes (1998) and reality therapy protocol Hydarabady Gholami and et al (2014). Research data was analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that reality therapy in the elderly has been effective in increasing psychological capital, self-worth and social well-being. The findings of this study the necessity of the application of reality therapy in improving psychological capital, self-worth and social welfare noted.

Elderly, is not disease, but it’s an undeniable reality, and one of the critical stages of human development in the normal process of life span. The goal of present study was to study the Effectiveness of group logo therapy on death anxiety and social adjustment of elderly. Study type was semi experimental with pre – post-test design and control groups. Population was all elderly male who were a member of the Mehregan daily elderly centre in Kermanshah in 2016. Instruments were death anxiety (DAS) and social adjustment .30 person selected based on cut-off point in instruments and then assigned into 2 groups (experimental and control n=15) randomly. Experimental group received 8 sessions logo therapy (Frankl, 1998). Data analysed by multiple analysis of covariance. Findings showed that there is significant differences between 2 groups in death anxiety and social adjustment (p (001/0>. therefore can be concluded that logo therapy is effective on reducing death anxiety and enhancing social adjustment of elderly.

Spirituality is one of the important dimention of elderly and have has an important role in mental helth of them. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spirituality intervention based on Islamic teaching on loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted all older people living in Ahvaz. Firstly, loneliness and death anxiety questionnaire was completed by all the elderly and then among them who had earned an equal or above score from cut point in loneliness and anxiety questionnaires, thirty subjects were selected and randomly assigned in experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Then, the spirituality intervention was administered for experimental group in 12 sessions and the control group was not receiving any training. Finally posttest was conducted for experimental and control groups. Data was analyzed by using the covariance analysis. Results showed that the spirituality intervention had been effective on decreasing of feeling of loneliness and death anxiety in experimental group. Thus, the need for use of of spirituality intervention focused on the mood and emotional problem of elderly population especially reducing of loneliness and death anxiety is necessary.

The old people’s mental health is one of the important concerns of senior’s health that require special attention especially for prevention of disorders like depression, anxiety and hopelessness in old age. Then aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy concepts training on Emotional, Social and mental well-being of elderly male in sanatarium. This is an experimental study with a pre-test- post-test design and control group. Sample of the study selected from elderly members of Mandegaran Club in Ardebil city. 50 older were evaluated according to inclusion/ exclusion criteria and 30 participants selected and divided into 2 equal groups randomly. Subjective well-being scale was administered to both. Reality therapy sessions for the intervention group were administered in 80 minutes 2 session in any week for 4 successive weeks. The post-test data collected after the last session. Data analyzed by using Analysis of co- variance with repeated measure for independent groups. Analysis of co-variance results showed that the mean difference between the two groups was significant and Reality therapy increased the Subjective well-being of intervention group significantly. Subjective well-being scores of intervention group in all sub-scales were also significantly higher in post-test compared to control group (p

The current study aimed to investigation the relationship of religious attitude on the mental health of the teachers, mainly focused on confirmation of the mediator role of Purpose in Life and Ageing Perceptions. The study sample included 330 teacher were selected by multistage cluster sampling in harsin. Data were collected by using the religious attitude questionnaire (Golris-Brahni), Ryff scale psychological wellbeing (RSPWB), General health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed as statistical technique for data analysis of the study. The results revealed that religious attitude were significantly correlated with mental health. Also consistent with expectation, mediation analysis, which was conducted based on SEM, showed that there was an evidence of indirect effect of the variables on mother’s stress through Fatigue and Coping strategies. Test of mediation by bootstrapping method established significant mediating role of Purpose in Life and Ageing Perceptions in the relationship between religious attitude and mental health. Clearly, Purpose in Life and Ageing Perceptions played a significant role in the relation between religious attitude and mental health of the teachers.

Retirement phenomenon, like other transitional experiences affect marital satisfaction and can lead to tension, conflict and discontent in the late adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits, religious attitudes and locus of control was in predicting quality of the marital relationship in retireds. This is a survey study and from correlational type. The population of the present study were all the retirements of Nahavand which based on previous literature 200 of them were selected through random sampling as study sample. Tools were NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Religious Attitude Scale (RAS), Rotter's locus of control scale and Golombok-Rust Marital Status Inventory. Data were analyzed through correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings: The results showed that among personality traits, neuroticism positively correlated with marital maladjustment situation, and extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness are negatively correlated with marital status. As well as between religious attitude with marital status was a significant negative correlation shows that people feel less marital problems with higher religious attitude, and there was no significant relationship between locus of control and marital status. According to the analysis, neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness and religious attitude could significantly 42% of the variance of the dependent variable that's mean marital status to predict. Based on the research findings we can say, marital status, especially in retirement is influenced by personality traits and religious attitudes.

One of the main factors that may Increasing the risk of fall in the elderly is the poor balance. To prevent it, the positive impact of activities such as physical exercises have been reported. This research using meta-analysis methods to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three interventions as Pilates, yoga exercises and in the water on the improvement of dynamic balance among Iranian society has taken place. For this purpose, the results of 20 studies with 25 effect sizes were analyzed. The results showed that all three exercises on dynamic balance in elderly people at significant level less than 0.05 Has been effective and the size of the combined effect of the three intervention were obtained respectively 0.68, 0.37 and 0.50. According to the findings of this study can be concluded that all three intervention Pilates, yoga and exercises in the water improves dynamic balance in elderly, but they have significant differences. According to study Pilates and yoga to exercises in water is a more effective way and Pilates is more effective than yoga and exercise in the water. Therefore it can be use the results and findings of this research in prevention and treatment interventions related problems with the balance for the elderly.